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Scales
A scale is an ordered sequence of notes.
A Scale Interval is the distance between two selected notes.
The distance between notes is measured in Tones and/or Semitones, or alternatively Whole Steps and/or Half Steps.
A Tone and Whole Step are two notes apart (For example, the steps between notes C and D).
A Semitone or Half Step are one note apart (For example, the steps between notes C and D#).
A Tone step is the same as a Whole Step, a Semitone step is the same as a Half Step.
The step sequence for a Major Scale is: Tone, Tone, Semitone, Tone, Tone, Tone or, Whole step, Whole step, Half step, Whole step, Whole step, Whole step.
The step sequence for a Minor Scale is: Tone, Semitone, Tone, Tone, Semitone, Tone, Tone or, Whole step, Half step, Whole step, Whole step, Half step, Whole step, Whole Step.
Note, although there is only one Major scale, there are three different variations of the Minor scale.
The variations are: Natural, Melodic and Harmonic.
For the Harmonic Minor scale note position 7 is raised by a semitone when going up the scale, for the Melodic Minor scale note positions 6 and 7 are raised by a semitone when going up the scale.
However, when going down either the Harmonic or Melodic minor Scales the notes are sequenced as detailed in the Natural Minor Scale.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic | Sub-tonic | Mediant | Sub-dominant | Dominant | Sub-Mediant | Leading Tone | Otave |
| C | D | E | F | G | A | B | C |
| C# | D# | F | F# | G# | A# | C | C# |
| D | E | F# | G | A | B | C# | D |
| Eb | F | G | Ab | Bb | C | D | Eb |
| E | F# | G# | A | B | C# | D# | E |
| F | G | A | Bb | C | D | E | F |
| F# | G# | A# | B | C# | D# | F | F# |
| G | A | B | C | D | E | F# | G |
| G# | A# | C | C# | D# | F | G | G# |
| A | B | C# | D | E | F# | G# | A |
| Bb | C | D | Eb | F | G | A | Bb |
| B | C# | D# | E | F# | G# | A# | B |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic | Sub-tonic | Mediant | Sub-dominant | Dominant | Sub-Mediant | Leading Tone | Otave |
| C | D | Eb | F | G | Ab | Bb | C |
| C# | Eb | E | F# | G# | A | B | C# |
| D | E | F | G | A | A# | C | D |
| D# | F | F# | G# | A# | B | C# | D# |
| E | F# | G | A | B | C | D | E |
| F | G | G# | A# | C | C# | D# | F |
| F# | G# | A | B | C# | D | E | F# |
| G | A | A# | C | D | D# | F | G |
| G# | A# | B | C# | D# | E | F# | G# |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | A |
| A# | C | C# | D# | F | F# | G# | A# |
| B | C# | D | E | F# | G | A | B |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic | Sub-tonic | Mediant | Sub-dominant | Dominant | Sub-Mediant | Leading Tone | Otave |
| C | D | Eb | F | G | Ab | B | C |
| C# | Eb | E | F# | G# | A | C | C# |
| D | E | F | G | A | A# | C# | D |
| D# | F | F# | G# | A# | B | D | D# |
| E | F# | G | A | B | C | D# | E |
| F | G | G# | A# | C | C# | E | F |
| F# | G# | A | B | C# | D | F | F# |
| G | A | A# | C | D | D# | F# | G |
| G# | A# | B | C# | D# | E | G | G# |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G# | A |
| A# | C | C# | D# | F | F# | A | A# |
| B | C# | D | E | F# | G | A# | B |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonic | Sub-tonic | Mediant | Sub-dominant | Dominant | Sub-Mediant | Leading Tone | Otave |
| C | D | Eb | F | G | A | B | C |
| C# | Eb | E | F# | G# | A# | C | C# |
| D | E | F | G | A | B | C# | D |
| D# | F | F# | G# | A# | C | D | D# |
| E | F# | G | A | B | C# | D# | E |
| F | G | G# | A# | C | D | E | F |
| F# | G# | A | B | C# | D# | F | F# |
| G | A | A# | C | D | E | F# | G |
| G# | A# | B | C# | D# | F | G | G# |
| A | B | C | D | E | F# | G# | A |
| A# | C | C# | D# | F | G | A | A# |
| B | C# | D | E | F# | G# | A# | B |
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